Afghanistan's Humanitarian Sector Grapples with Data Literacy Challenges

A recent survey of humanitarian organizations in Afghanistan reveals a need for improved data literacy skills among aid workers.

In 2024, iMMAP Inc. conducted a comprehensive survey exploring the data literacy capacities and challenges among aid organizations in Afghanistan. The survey aimed to inform a tailored Humanitarian Data Literacy capacity strengthening initiative for Afghan aid organizations regional humanitarian assistance providers.

The sector-wide survey included responses from 243 participants across clusters, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs, and CSOs. Most respondents operated in Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, Nangarhar, and Balkh provinces, with about half based in the capital area.


Image: Panjwaee District in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan (WFP/Sadeq Naseri, 2022).


National staff made up over 75% of respondents, and more than half represented national and local organizations. However, female respondents comprised only 15%, highlighting a need for increased women's engagement in these initiatives.

Afghanistan faces a worsening humanitarian crisis after decades of instability, war, economic decline, and recurring natural disasters. This year, despite funding challenges, 285 aid organizations are assisting 23.7 million Afghans struggling to meet basic needs. The humanitarian community recognizes that sustainable change requires bridging capacities between international, local, and national aid groups. Over the past decade, local and national organizations have increasingly taken on crucial roles in reaching the most vulnerable populations.


Assessment key insights


Survey findings reveal a critical reliance on data in Afghanistan's humanitarian sector. A significant 75% of respondents reported their activities as highly data-dependent, underscoring the vital role of data in informing humanitarian response. Nearly half stated that data frequently guides their organization's decision-making, with 25% using it extensively. Organizations overwhelmingly 90% collect their own data, yet the majority also recognize the value of external sources, with over half utilizing them.



Despite the widespread use of data, significant challenges persist. About half of the respondents highlighted two major obstacles: the lack of timely data and insufficiently detailed information. For national and local organizations, limited analysis capabilities and a shortage of proper analytical tools pose substantial barriers. The reliability and availability of data also raises concerns. A troubling 30% of respondents questioned the reliability of available data, while 33% reported facing situations where necessary data was simply nonexistent. These findings point to critical gaps in the data ecosystem, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced practices and resources across all stages of the data lifecycle.

Challenges extend to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes as well. Limited access to reliable data hinders effective accountability efforts across the sector. However, the nature of these challenges varies by organization type. National and local groups primarily struggle with insufficient capacity and training in M&E methodologies. International organizations, on the other hand, face difficulties in engaging effectively with diverse stakeholders, including local communities and authorities. This gap in experiences suggests that increased collaboration and knowledge sharing among partners could yield significant benefits. Interestingly, risk management emerged as a top choice for future M&E training topics, reflecting the complex and volatile nature of the operating environment in Afghanistan.

Despite these challenges, the survey reveals a strong desire for improvement. An overwhelming 96% of respondents expressed interest in enhancing their data literacy skills, even though most rated their current abilities as good. While data collection methods are familiar to many, there's keen interest in developing stronger data analysis techniques. Improving data quality and validation competencies also emerged as priority areas, aligning with the organizational gaps identified earlier. These findings underscore a widespread recognition of data literacy's importance and its potential to address current challenges at both individual and organizational levels.


Full Survey Results






About iMMAP Inc. Afghanistan  

iMMAP Inc. is an international nonprofit organization. Funded by USAID, iMMAP has been actively operating in Afghanistan since 2007, delivering IM products and services to key partners in disaster risk reduction and humanitarian response. For more information, contact:rep-afghanistan@immap.org